Wednesday, May 20, 2020

Students At The University Of Wisconsin Madison - 856 Words

Students often do not take advantage of the opportunities available to them in the wider community because of a wide variety of engagement and extra-curricular opportunities offered on college campuses. Students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison can take advantage of the campus’ urban location to explore and build connections with the local community, in addition to furthering skills gained from the classroom. At college, students are often surrounded by others who are similar to them – mostly between ages of 18 and 22, pursuing a college education and beyond. The homogeneity within the campus bubble can make students forget what the real world is like. â€Å"You’re really missing something if you just come here for school and you don’t step off of campus and explore living in a brand new place on your own,† Ashley Viager, Assistant Director of Chadbourne Residential College, said. It is also important to understand that community extends beyond campus to the entire city, Stephanie Harrill, Badger Volunteers director, said. This is especially beneficial during a time of growth and development at a higher education institution. This kind of awareness allows for students to not only make the best out of their college experience but also contribute and help their communities to better the environment around them. Community engagement also gives students the opportunity to apply theoretical concepts into the real world to consolidate knowledge in a way that classroomShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Wisconsin Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesWisconsin University is located in Madison, Wisconsin. Wisconsin University, or UW, is located in Milwaukee’s upper east side, close to Lake Michigan. Many streets in Madison, including Hamilton Street, Washington Avenue, Franklin Street, and Paterson Street, are named after many of the signers of the Constitution. Madison is the second largest city in Wisconsin, and the eighty-first largest in the United States. Madison, which is the current capitol of Wisconsin, was not always the capitol.Read MoreThe Effects Of Early Family Relationships On Personality Development1629 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses before they working with one another. After college, Bowlby was a volunteer at a school for children who were maladjusted. While working with two children, t hey helped him decide what course of work he wanted to work in (Bretherton U Wisconsin, Madison, US, Sep, 1992). Bretherton states the cases Bowlby saw that determined his career path: One was a very isolated, remote, affectionless teenager who had been expelled from his previous school for theft and had had no stable mother figure.Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1314 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween organizations and social segments thus giving rise to corporate social responsibility (CSR) . This paper discusses about the ways and methods of CSRs that are applied in the University of Wisconsin and the impact these methods created on the social, environmental and ecological fronts of the lives of Wisconsin community. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a management theory introduced to operate a firm or business in which the integration of commercial operations andRead MoreYoga Helps with Ptsd1176 Words   |  5 PagesControlled Longitudinal Study Beverly Hinderliter A growing body of evidence suggests meditation-based interventions have the potential to reduce symptoms and improve well-being (Marchand, 2013 for review; Mitchell et al., 2014). The Stanford University study entitled Breathing-Based Meditation Decreased Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in U.S. Military Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study explores the effects of Sudarshan Kriya yoga, a meditation-based therapy, on U.S. militaryRead MoreLeadership At The United States Naval Academy1591 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess behind my decisions and opinions. In September of 2011, I received my acceptance letter from the University of Wisconsin Madison! I was going to be joining the incoming transfer class in the spring semester of 2012. I felt very lucky that I was getting a second chance at a college education and vowed to myself that I would not waste the opportunity. During the fall before coming to Madison, I took classes at a local community college and was hired at a local apple orchard. On top of a twelveRead MoreThe University Of Wisconsin Madison1597 Words   |  7 Pagesof the college University of Wisconsin-Madison was founded way back in 1848, but didn t have their first class until February 1849. With more than 400,000 living alumni UW-Madison has proven to be successful with providing educational opportunities to multiple students for many years. Introduction of the college UW-Madison is a State University. This means the school is a state-funded institution with a campus located in that state. UW-Madison currently has over 40,000 students enrolled in theirRead MoreFrank Lloyd Wrights Impact on Architecture and Civil Engineering1201 Words   |  5 PagesRichland Center, Wisconsin. He was the eldest of the three children of William and Anna Wright. Frank Lloyd Wright’s mother was from Wales and immigrated with her family. Her father and brothers ended up being skilled carpenters in the Wisconsin River Valley and built their own houses. His father, William Wright was a Baptist minister. At three years of age, Wright and his family moved to Massachusetts for his father to work as a minister. Around 1880, they moved to Madison, Wisconsin. His father thenRead MoreCover Letter for the Nielsen Company703 Words   |  3 Pageslives of our cultural icons we see the power of positive imagination, persistent efforts, organized planning and supreme work ethic yielding expansive and desired results guaranteeing further advancement. Moreover, my education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and my 3 year appointment in collegiate admissions at my alma mater and most recent past year appointment at FOX 6 NEWS-WITI (DMA- Milwaukee, 34 MR) have collectively prepared me to excel as a star Client Manager. I have the necessaryRead MoreCarl Roger s First Career Choice891 Words   |  4 Pagesagriculture, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he was a part of the fraternity of Alpha Kappa Lambda, followed by history and then religion. At age 20, following his 1922 trip to Peking, China, for an international Christian conference, he started to doubt his religious convictions. To help him clarify his career choice, he attended a seminar entitled Why am I entering the Ministry, after which he decided to change his career. In 1924, he graduated from University of Wisconsin and enrolled atRead MoreEssay about Obesity is a Prob lem in America: The Documentary Food Inc.547 Words   |  3 Pagesdocumentary Food Inc. it mentions schools choosing healthy lunch options provided by local farming. In this paper I will evaluate how Wisconsin public schools have adopted programs that will bring local farmers into the school to teach and provide local healthy option for meals, and how these programs will benefit both the school and the farmer. The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) joined with AmeriCorps in 2008 to launch a regional program called

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Inspirational Speech - 1567 Words

I am a part of NGO which is running a cause for people with disabilities. An inspirational speech for the disabled people to motivate them to become successful. Target Audience: Persons with disabilities except for deaf dumb people. Hello Friends, How are you? Doing great? good well, I would begin asking you one question What do you think of yourself? Do you think that you people are waste.. u r the extra baggage which this earth is carrying the society sees towards you with sympathy and nothing else. If your answers to these questions are yes†¦. Then I will prove you wrong And if the answers are ‘no’ then you are on right track and I will aid you Look how I am sure that ur thinking will change once I give you examples of†¦show more content†¦list of famous people who are considered dyslexic: physicist Albert Einstein, painter Leonardo Da Vinci, Walt Disney, novelist Agatha Christie, Thomas Edison, painter sculptor Pablo Picasso, and actor Abhishek Bachchan 4. In 1928, Franklin Roosevelt was elected as the governor of New York. He then started campaigning for the presidency, and he became the 32nd president of the United States in 1932. Furthermore, by defeating Alfred Landon in 1936, Wendell L. Wilkie in 1940, and Thomas Dewey in 1944, he became the only American President to serve more than two terms. In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt contracted a near fatal case of polio that left him with limited physical activity. He established a foundation at Warm Springs, Georgia to help other people who had polio, and he directed the March of Dimes Program that eventually funded an effective vaccine. As a result of polio, Roosevelt used a wheelchair and stood with the aid of steel leg braces. He tried numerous treatments, but was never able to walk on his own again. 5. Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, activist and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to graduate from college. The story of how Kellers teacher, Annie Sullivan, broke through theShow MoreRelatedInspirational Speech for school elections2367 Words   |  10 PagesWRIITEN TASK 1: SPEECH AFTER ELECTION VICTORY Good morning respected Principal, teachers and students. I stand here in front of you all today, being bolder and more debonair than ever before. It is because you have given me power to run and be part of this school’s engine. I stand with pride as the new School Captain of this prestigious institution. You have given me strength to be as sturdy as an oak and tell everyone with panache that it is me who the entire body feels capable enough to shoulderRead MoreSample Inspirational Speech805 Words   |  4 PagesGood evening everyone! I remember when I was in 4th year high school, I’ve practiced my declamation speech for a week, and the performance they arrived, my speech is entitled- Am I to be blamed? Here are some lines of the speech: â€Å"Theyre chasing me, theyre chasing, no they must not catch me, I have enough money now, yes enough for my starving mother and brothers. Please let me go, let me go home before you imprisoned me.† These were the few lines of my declamation piece. And these few linesRead MoreEssay on Inspirational Graduation Speech744 Words   |  3 PagesOk, its 12:15 and I just walked into my house from seeing a movie with three of my best friends and I have to write this speech. A speech that’s suppose to inspire all of you, and tell you how the future has so much to hold for the class of 2015, how the possibilities are endless. Right now I’m probably standing in the front of the class and supposed to be addressing all of you as â€Å"fellow graduates, or to the class of 15’†. But that’s not what I’m going to do. I put this off as I do with the majorityRead MoreSpeech : My Inspirational President Obama Essay919 Words   |  4 Pages My Inspirational President Obama Introduction I have never seen a person so good at giving public speeches in my entire life. That person became memorable in my life immediately after I saw/heard him speaking on television in front of a thousand people as he became the first African-American president of the United States of America. I thought this person simply cannot be an African-American, but the most honorable gentleman. He introduced himself without a fear, but with confidence andRead More Best Man Speech Funny Inspirational Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesI am going to keep this speech fairly short because of my throat, Pooja said that if I made fun of the groom too much she would cut it. Pooja, you look absolutely gorgeous†¦ radiant. I saw Salim swell with pride when he saw you today. He is truly a lucky man to have someone so attractive, intelligent, warm and caring. A wife who will be all he could ever wish for, and more. And my little brother†¦well well†¦ you’ve finally done it†¦ after 30 years of endless soulsearching†¦ you’ve finally takenRead More Martin Luther King Juniors Inspirational Speech, I’ve Been to the Mountaintop784 Words   |  3 Pages Can you imagine being in Martin Luther King Junior’s position in a hall or church somewhere speaking to people with the hope of challenging and inspiring them? I’ve Been to the Mountaintop is a speech made by Martin Luther King’s Junior or 3rd April 1968. It is a speech that presented a long term mission for the City of Memphis. It was a time when African Americans struggled with racial prejudices. There were inequalities whereby the African-Americans were forced to live separately from the whitesRead MoreSteve Jobs: A Most Influential and Inspirational Man Essay619 Words   |  3 Pageshis most well-known speech and one of my favorites that I saw on YouTube is his 2005 Stanford Commencement Address. Here, he shared his passion through retelling his remarkable past. His message was to follow your heart even if others think you are foolish. Jobs added that it is critical to find your love in life. Finally, he thinks that one should live their own life since lif e is too short to live how others want you to. One of the ways this speech was inspirational was through personalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Lucas s The Art Of Public Speaking936 Words   |  4 Pagesto inform her coworkers. Chapter 15 is about speaking to inform an audience. Lucas begins this chapter with the types of informative speeches and some analysis and organization skills for each topic. There are many ways to classify an informative speech, Lucas breaks it down into four main topics: objects, processes, events, and concepts. Lucas begins this chapter by speaking on speeches about objects. Lucas defines an object as â€Å"Objects include anything that is visible, tangible, and stable to formRead MorePhraseology: Language and Success in Life Essay2291 Words   |  10 Pageswith co-workers a person should be mindful of diversity, cultural backgrounds, sexual orientations, marriage statuses and age groups. (Kunz) I learned quickly what actions would be tolerated and which ones would not be. I found that over t ime my speech changed with my experience. At my first employer I spoke to individuals as equals. Usually speaking to someone as an equal gains respect, but considering my age, the more tenure employees viewed me as arrogant. I had to change the way I spoke toRead MoreThe Speech Of Steve Jobs1050 Words   |  5 PagesSpeeches come in all shapes and sizes, some fantastic, some horrible, some motivational and some inspirational. The one detail I can tell you there is always a few that will linger and stick around in your head. These speeches go through history as being remembered and studied for decades. A few that come to mind happen to be â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King, â€Å"Never give up†¦Don’t ever give up,† by Jimmy Valvano and â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love,† by Steve Jobs. Each and every one of

Meaningfulness of Work - Responsibility and Knowledge of Outcome

Question: Discuss about the hygiene factor and motivational factor? Answer: Introduction The following essay is based on the significance of motivational theories and effective work environment that influence the workers to perform positively. The major purpose of the essay is to identify how the elements of strategic human resource management influence the affective work process. The essay effectively highlights the facts about how the organizations manage its internal work environment and develops the performance. It is quite certain that organizational performance is influenced or dependent on the human resource management practices. More specifically, the employee performance is the factor that influences the organizational performance. Thus, to learn internal factors that influence the organizational performance, the essay focuses on some significant elements of human resource management such as implementation of motivational theories, commitment, job satisfaction, employee wellbeing programs as well as other behavioral techniques that have wide impact on organizati onal performance. While applying the elements of strategic human resource practices such as implementation of motivational theories, the organizations have to link their human resource with the strategic goals and objectives to enhance business performance as well as develop organizational culture that promotes innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In this context, Danish and Usman (2010) mentioned that in an organizational setting, SHRM is referred to the action of accepting and involving the R functions as the strategic partner in the development of organizations strategies. The organizations that rely on the long-term goals and objectives often focus on its internal capabilities such as human resource. To keep the employees motivated, it is essential for employers to implement motivational activities. In this context, Manzoor (2012) commented that motivation is one of the forces that lead certainly lead to performance. Hence, Zhang and Bartol (2010) almost mentioned that motivation can be considered as the desired to achieve a goal or particular level of performance level, which leads to goal-directed behavior. Therefore, analyze these facts more intensively some relevant theories and models, related to motivation, commitment and employee job satisfaction have been discussed and linked with the evidences in the following. Discussion Due to the dynamic industrial environment, the organizations in each sector focus on their workforce development as the development of their strategic capabilities. The development human resource positively influences the performance. As the key strategy of human resource development, the employers emphasize on employee motivation activities. It is expected that in order to gain positive output from the employees, the employee needs and demands should be identified and fulfilled. In this context, De Cooman et al. (2011) commented that before applying conventional workforce development strategies, it is essential to focus on the issues and then develop the solutions. According to Voon et al. (2011), employee retention often remains as the big challenge in this dynamic corporate environment. However, employee retention can be managed by applying some key motivational theories as many organizations such as Unilever, PEPSI have been seen to be motivating its employees by meeting their ne eds. One of the major initiatives of Unilever is that it provides medical coverage of the entire family of the employee and the company provides yearly tangible benefits to its employees. Among several key motivational theories, Herzberg two-factor theory is widely embraced and praised by the scholars and marketers. There are two significant factors in Herzberg motivational theory namely hygiene factor and motivational factor and these two factors further include some sub-factors such as pay, company policy, fringe benefits, physical work condition, status and job condition that fall under the hygiene factor. In order to retain the key employees, the salary structure of the company needs to appropriate and it must be competitive to others in the same industry. As put forward by Dartey-Baah and Amoako (2011), when two or more organization in the same domain of same sector develop high salary structure, the employees find the reasons for leaving their existing company. As the competition is high pay structure is not the only solution of employee turnover, as mentioned in Herzbergs theory, the employers must provide other essential benefits like medical coverage and job security. This means the company needs to make their employees feel secure like a family. On the contrary, motivational factors include some sub-factors such as recognition, growth and promotional opportunities, responsibility as well as the meaningfulness of work (Hyun and Oh 2011). It is often observed that employees who work in the organization for long expect that their performance should be appreciated. Therefore, the organizations need to provide rewards and recognitions to the employees. In addition, the employees who work in the organizations for long look for career growth. Thus, the companies provide internal career opportunities for the potential and experienced employees. Another significant motivational theory often praised by McGregor X and Y theory. According to X theory, the leaders and managers tend to build a pessimistic opinion of their employees and consider that they naturally unmotivated. Consequently, the leaders need to think that team members or the employees need to be promoted, rewarded as well as penalized to ensure that they complete their tasks. However, Kopelman, Prottas and Falk (2010) commented that theory X does not fit the current dynamic environment. This means the organizations that have an autocratic culture implement such theory. On the contrary, with theory Y, the managers have an optimistic as well as positive opinion of their people. As the result, they tend to develop a decentralized and participative management style. The employees dare to take greater responsibility and their leaders encourage the workers to enhance their skills and recommend improvements. The appraisal activities are regular in theory Y. Moreover, the leaders develop an open communication style to build a healthy and positive relationship with the employees. This practice helps the employees to discuss their issues with the leaders with the hope of solution. Like the motivational theories, a positive work environment contributes a lot to the development of human resource in an organization. According to ?ahin (2012), a positive work environment refers to an environment that forms the part of workers engagement with the work itself such as the relationship with co-workers, managers, culture of the firm and scope for personal development. As put forward by Aiken et al. (2011), a positive work environment makes the staff feel positive about coming to work and this enhances the motivation to sustain throughout the work shift. However, a positive work environment must include Transparent and Open communication, work life balance, training and development-focused and recognition for hard work. According to Piccolo et al. (2010), a transparent as well as open form of communication identifies the employees need to make them feel that what initiatives the authorities take should has value. The activities, the workers perform becomes more meaningful and the employees learn that what they contribute to the organizations influence the organizations where they work. Similarly, another significant aspect is work-life balance. A workplace must have some sort of balance between the work and the personal life. As mentioned by Cummings et al. (2010), the balance could improve job satisfaction among the staff members as they feel they are not forcefully avoiding the other areas of their life. Hence, in the context of positive work environment, Kossek et al. (2011) insisted on the training and development, which means a workplace should not promote its positivity by only developing communication and work balance culture. Workforce development is a significant part of positive work environment. It is essential for the employers to keep abreast with the barriers as well as train their employees accordingly. As the strategy of employee motivation, HR department pays attention to job design, which could motivate the employees. While designing the tasks, HR considers the certain elements such as job specialization, job engagement, job enrichment and other factors. As mentioned by, Albrech, (2011), job engagement is one of the significant aspects to be considered, which refers to the expansion of the tasks conducted by the workers to increase more variety. Thus, providing the employees with several tasks, the HR stops limiting their activities to a small number of tasks. Likewise, the job enrichment technique is often used by HR, which allows the employees to take more control over how they conduct their own activities. This approach allows the staff members to take more responsibility. According to Barrick et al. (2013), as a significant alternative to job specialization, the organizations applying job enrichment techniques could observe positive outcome like reduced employee turnover, inc reased produced as well as reduced absenteeism. The job characteristic model developed and designed by Hackman and Oldman is based on the idea that the task itself is the potential to employee motivation. Particularly, a monotonous job could stifle the motivation to perform effectively. However, challenging job could also increase the motivation. In this context, Morris and Venkatesh (2010) commented that variety, autonomy as well as decision authority are the key factors of adding barrier to a job. Hackman and Oldhams job characteristic model theory suggests that motivation is liked to experiencing three psychological states such as meaningfulness of work, responsibility and knowledge of outcome. Among five different core elements, the skill variety is the extent to which a job requires a variety of different activities. In addition, it requires the use of different skills as well as talents of workers. According to Katsikea et al. (2011), jobs that appear to be high in skill variety are observed by employees as challenging due t o the range of skills involved. For instance, it can be mentioned that an administrative assistant with an increasing skill variety could have to perform several tasks. Likewise, the task identity is the extent to which a job might require completion of whole piece of work. The employees need to gain the ability of identifying the work and complete the work, hence enabling more pride to be considered in the outcome of the job. It is also observed that task significance is the extent to which the job has a substantial on the lives of other people. For instance, healthcare staff working on a cure for a terminal disease is likely to identify the significance of their work to the society. Like other elements, the autonomy is the extent to which the job provides substantial freedom, independence as well as discretion to the worker in scheduling the tasks as well as in determining the techniques to be used in the implementing the tasks. According to Christian, Garza and Slaughter (2011), autonomy is considered as the fundamental in developing the sense of responsibility in employees. Even though, most of the employees are intended to work within the wide constraints of an organization, they expect a particular degree of freedom. For instance, a sale person is often considered to be highly autonomous as they schedule their own work and select the most appropriate approaches for each customer. In addition, the job feedback refers to the extent to which implementing the work activities needed by the task provides the individual with appropriate direction as well as clear information regarding the effectiveness of the performance. The feedback can be both positive and negat ive but it is effective when it remains balanced. As commented by Morris and Venkatesh (2010), the organizations should provide the feedback on time instead of delay until the annual appraisal meeting. There is a significant way, based on which the workers could make adjustment to assess how they perform in the present time. It is also observed that feedback usually come directly from the activities that employees perform. The senior management or the supervisors provide the feedback verbally or in a document. For example, Mulberry (a retail organization in UK), sales person usually receives the feedback regarding the number of contacts they make on a daily or weekly basis. The above-discussed fundamental job characteristics have significant effects on different critical psychological state. For instance, task identity, skill variety and task significance altogether contribute to employees observed meaningfulness of the work. In this context, Barrick, Mount and Li (2013) commented that a job that provides a large deal of autonomy are observed to be contributing to individuals experienced responsibility for the consequence of the work. When the employees have the freedom to decide what to do and how to do it, the employees feel more responsible for the work or its consequence. Eventually, the job feedback is observed to provide employee with the knowledge of the actual outcome of the work. Hence, Taylor (2015) commented that when a job is designed or developed to provide the employees with the information regarding the effects of their initiatives in the workplace, they gain the ability of developing an understanding about how effectively they perform. I n addition to this, it is also observed that job characteristics model of Hackman and Oldman implies that the three significant psychological states largely affect different personal as well as work outcome such as internal work motivation of employees, enhanced satisfaction and general job and work effectiveness. According to Katsikea (2011), when the individuals perform the task that has increasing level of these five core characteristics, they should feel highly motivated and satisfied. Even though job characteristics model of Hackman and Oldman includes some unique characteristics for employee motivation, this model has a significant relationship with Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. Maslows hierarchy of needs theory consists of five different needs namely physiological, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The fulfillment of these needs can be considered as the employee motivational activities. The self-esteem need is associated with individuals belief that person is doing good and her effort and contribution should be recognized. As put forward by Christian, Garza and Slaughter (2011), confidence is the potential element; this means if a supervisor will tell, the employee has the confidence, that employee will perform well. Likewise, this principle is also applicable in the workplace. If the staff member believes in himself or herself, the others believe in them. This need of Maslows hierarchy can be can be linked with job character istics model of Hackman and Oldman, which is task significance. The task significance indicates that if employees observe and understand their role as well as they has self-confidence about the job, they perform well. Hence, the most important point is that employees believe that they are doing something significant in their organization. Similarly, the love and belonging needs, which helps to learn that if employees who respond in the affirmative could be enagaed than who do not. This is significantly attributed to Maslow low third range of needs. The organizations with a long record of social as well as other camaraderie-building activities have large extent of employee involvement than organizations. Similarly, in Hackman and Oldmans job characteristic model, skill variety has the ability or it discusses the ability of performing the large variety of tasks. Hence, Taylor (2015) mentioned that jobs that have large skills variety are often observed as more challenging by the employees. This characteristic increases the chance of high involvement of employees to tasks. When it increases the involvement of the employees, the employees develop a great sense of competence. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that job enrichment is an effective strategy for job content. It can be mentioned that Fredrick Herzeberg, Hackman and Oldham provides the explicit framework for developing jobs. On the basis of their own work as well as their work of others, they enhanced a job characteristics model. More specifically, the model especially specifies that enriching certain aspects of jobs alter peoples psychological states in a manner that improves their work effectiveness. In addition, it can also be mentioned that as the industrial environment has become dynamic, the organizations have to apply several strategies for the enhancement of both external and internal environment. Thus, for the development of internal environment, the major focus of the company is to develop the internal capabilities. The biggest aspect of internal capabilities is the workforce. In order to have control over the external environment, the company needs to focus on human resource. As discussed above, the motivational activities such as the application of Herzberg two-factor theory often helps the employers to fulfill the needs of the employees. Likewise, McGregor Y theory helps to build an effective relationship with the employees, which eventually motivates the employees and as the result, they perform effectively. Nevertheless, it is necessary for the companies to focus on the innovative strategies for employee motivation. This is because, each industry has observed a rapid change and the competition of hiring the talented workforce is increasing. The workforce is the only resource that enables the company to remain active in the competition. Thus, the employers need to develop innovative human resource development plan in coming future. References Aiken, L.H., Cimiotti, J.P., Sloane, D.M., Smith, H.L., Flynn, L. and Neff, D.F., 2011. The effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments.Medical care,49(12), p.1047. Albrech, S.L., 2011. Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(7). Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. and Li, N., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.132-153. Christian, M.S., Garza, A.S. and Slaughter, J.E., 2011. Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance.Personnel Psychology,64(1), pp.89-136. Cummings, G.G., MacGregor, T., Davey, M., Lee, H., Wong, C.A., Lo, E., Muise, M. and Stafford, E., 2010. Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,47(3), pp.363-385. 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The relationship between ethical leadership and core job characteristics.Journal of Organizational Behavior,31(2?3), pp.259-278. Russ, T.L., 2011. Theory X/Y assumptions as predictors of managers' propensity for participative decision making.Management Decision,49(5), pp.823-836. ?ahin, F., 2012. The mediating effect of leadermember exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis.Journal of Management Organization,18(02), pp.159-174. Skudiene, V. and Auruskeviciene, V., 2012. The contribution of corporate social responsibility to internal employee motivation.Baltic journal of management,7(1), pp.49-67. Taylor, G., 2015. Hackman And Oldham's Job Characteristics Model.Teaching Business Economics,19(2), p.7. Voon, M.L., Lo, M.C., Ngui, K.S. and Ayob, N.B., 2011. The influence of leadership styles on employees job satisfaction in public sector organizations in Malaysia.International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences,2(1), pp.24-32. Zhang, X. and Bartol, K.M., 2010. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement.Academy of management journal,53(1), pp.107