Point Helper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Procurement & Resource Based View

Obtainment is An Integral Part of Resource- ­ Based View of An Organization Phuong Duong University College Dublin (12251697) 4112 words ABSTRACT Procurement has become an undeniably boundless practice among associations and is today of vital significance that draw in incredible enthusiasm from researchers in the writing. The main role of the paper is to contribute with a survey of driving examinations that dissect obtainment from the asset  ­? based perspective on the association. The paper starts by setting out the business condition of obtainment and afterward presents the turn of events and inclination of procurement.This is trailed by a survey of chief works and contrasts of points of view of asset  ­? based view. The following segment contains an examination of the connection among acquisition and asset  ­? based hypothesis and talks about observational deals with re-appropriating that address redistributing from the asset  ­? based view. The examinations are characte rized into two classes: those contemplating the penchant to secure and those considering the connection between obtainment choice and firm’s execution. At last, a few experiences are assembled to evaluate the redistributing choice impacted by asset  ­? based view with the im of adding to a superior comprehension of redistributing and its job from the viewpoint of asset  ­? based perspective on an association. 1. Obtainment and the inclination to secure in present day business setting Procurement, or as such, â€Å"sourcing†, for quite a long time has become â€Å"a monetary material, however deliberately fringe, corporate function† of an association (Gottfredson et al. , 2005). In the writing, obtainment turns into a key segment and is of major vital significance to numerous associations (Humphreys et al. , 1998, Paulraj et al. , 2006). Late decades have seen huge changes in acro- ­? monetary patterns that immediate business condition. These progressions h ave been driven by expanded globalization, innovation advancement, changing buyer practices, and thus, a move toward acquirement and re-appropriating (Giunipero et al. , 2005, Giunipero et al. , 2006, Zheng et al. , 2007). Gottfredson et al. (2005) contended that globalization, joined by mechanical advances, is making the center of rivalry change. Nowadays, the responsibility for of an association isn't as significant as its capacity to oversee and exploit basic abilities, regardless of whether they are he organization’s resources. Acquisition is growing so adroitly that even center capacities, for example, building, R&D, assembling and showcasing can be re-appropriated. That, as indicated by Gottfredson et al. (2005), thus, is changing the manner in which the organizations consider their associations, their fundamental beliefs and their serious capacities. The creator likewise uncovered that an accentuation on capacity sourcing could bring about an organization’s better key situation by diminishing expenses, smoothing out the organization, and improving quality. Basic capacities gave by progressively qualified accomplices ordinarily permit associations to mprove their center abilities that assist them with starting to lead the pack in their ventures. With the business world evolving regular, the penchant to acquire gets conspicuous than any time in recent memory. These days obtainment isn't just polished by organizations in the innovation ventures yet in addition spread to different organizations, for example, gracefully chain, assembling, benefits, etc. It is perceived that not aloof expense  ­? concentrated, however proactive worth  ­? centered acquisition procedures are a methods for accomplishing upper hand and basic to long- ­? term authoritative technique (Leseure et al. , 2005, Mehra and Inman, 2004,Noonan and Wallace, 2004). In an investigation of the effect of acquisition or buying on flexibly coordination and execution, Paulr aj et al. (2006) additionally reasoned that: (1) an increasingly vital buying capacity prompts better gracefully combination; (2) administrators must grasp the significance of buying in consolidating purchaser  ­? provider by concentrating on â€Å"process, social, data, and cross- ­? hierarchical teams†; (3) key obtainment can make a success  ­? win circumstance for both purchaser and provider. Considering, it is verifiable that there is an inclination to get or re-appropriate among organizations.To help with obtainment dynamic, Gottfredson et al. (2005) built up a sourcing openings map like Figure 1 to assist organizations with making a decision about the overall benefits of their redistributing prospects. The vertical component of the display â€Å"measures how restrictive a procedure or capacity is† while the level pivot demonstrates the level of shared trait, both inside and outside the company’s business. The creator found that abilities situating in the upper right segment of the guide are potential contender for acquirement. When abilities promising solid contender for elective sourcing are found, the ompany needs to make sense of how to source them. In this stage, cost and quality necessities ought to be considered to distinguish key ability holes to be filled and top- ­? performing contenders or providers to band together with. To address these issues, another appraisal map has been presented, again by Gottfredson et al. (2005) as portrayed in the Figure 2 underneath. Figure 1 What would it be a good idea for you to redistribute? Source: Adapted from (Gottfredson et al. , 2005). Figure 2 How solid are your abilities? Source: Adapted from (Gottfredson et al. , 2005) The creator clarified that the situation of abilities on this matrix eterminates appropriate objectives for a re-appropriating relationship. In particular, works that fall in the upper left ought to be redistributed to low- ­? cost suppliers paying little min d to decrease in quality, while those falling in the lower left require re-appropriating accomplices that can both lessen costs and improve quality. 2. Asset  ­based see In the assessment of Mol (2003), asset  ­? based view has today gotten the tyrannical point of view of dissecting enterprise system. Be that as it may, this idea has been seen and created by various researchers in the writing. Watchman (1985) proposed a firm’s serious position a be examined by seeing industry structure and the job of inside dynamic was disregarded. This hypothesis repudiates itself with prior vital administration contentions which featured both inward and outside elements (Skinner, 1969, Ansoff, 1965) and hence a few researchers, for example, Barney (1991), Amit and Schoemaker (2006), and Peteraf (2006) felt an alternate point of view and continued building up the asset  ­? put together view based with respect to the investigates of Coase (1937) and Wernerfelt (1984). With an end goal t o push the centrality of administrative decision and inside variables, Barney (1991) reasoned that he asset  ­? based view â€Å"examines the connection between a firm’s qualities and performance† by exploring shifted assets inside the firm. By the idea of its exercises, acquirement the board is liable to getting contributions from outside accomplices in the organization’s condition (Mol, 2003). As per Wernerfelt (1984), asset  ­? based methodology â€Å"views the firm as a generally decided assortment of benefits or assets which are tied semi- ­? forever to the firm’s management†. Lockett and Thompson (2001) censured that asset  ­? based view is now and then used to recognize â€Å"appropriate esources, for example, physical capital or brand names, from less substantial resources, for example, authoritative schedules and capabilities†. Fitting assets can be viewed as resources used as suitable over a particular period, while dynamic assets may lie in abilities that structure extra open doors after some time. The urgent necessities of asset  ­? based view are that important assets, paying little mind to their temperament, are explicit to the firm and difficult to be imitated by rivals (Barney, 1991). It was noted by Lockett and Thompson (2001) that asset  ­? based view is inferred as in each firm’s pportunity set is elite and a result of the assets is acquired from its past experience. â€Å"Therefore, it follows that choices about the suitable limits of a firm’s exercises ought to mirror its current asset group. On the off chance that organizations face a comparable outer condition, in the feeling of comparable item and factor advertises, the asset  ­? based view proposes that those organizations with a comparative beginning asset enrichment should show comparative ceteris paribus examples of conduct and performance†. 3. Acquirement is an essential piece of resourceâ€based perspec tive on an association Procurement and asset  ­based iew Procurement, or in numerous unique circumstance, typically alluded to as â€Å"outsourcing†, is characterized as â€Å" astrategic choice that involves the outside contracting of decided non- ­? key exercises or business forms vital for the production of merchandise or the arrangement of administrations by methods for understandings or agreements with higher capacity firms to embrace those exercises or business forms, with the point of improving serious advantage† (Espino Rodriguez and Padron Robaina, 2006). As per asset  ­? based view, assets can be abused by methods for contracts (Barney, 1999, Gainey and Klaas, 2003,Grant, 1991) and this point of view can be utilized as a structure to assist associations with choosing which exercises ought to be re-appropriated and which to act in- ­? house. In such manner, one of the predominant systems that clarify the penchant of acquirement is center skills approac h (Gilley and Rasheed, 2000, Teng et al. , 2007). In light of this methodology, a firm ought to put resources into exercises creating center capacities and redistribute the rest (Prahalad, 1990, Hilmer

Paper Writing Service Reviews

Paper Writing Service ReviewsFinding good paper writing service reviews is important for any business. After all, you are looking for the best possible deal when it comes to an online writing service. By making sure that you have several service providers in mind, you can better understand which ones will provide the best quality.There are a number of online services available to help you with your business. For example, if you need assistance with keeping track of important documents, you could use the services of an online writer. These online writers, or ghostwriters, have professional writing skills, and therefore can provide you with great content for your online document. Of course, this helps improve your business by allowing you to save time and money.Paper writing service reviews online can also help you find the right freelance writer for your needs. The great thing about using these services is that they have a plethora of writers that are all competing for your business. You can choose from different writers, each with their own specialty, and use them to produce unique content for your website.Online writing reviews can also help you find great writers for a variety of services. Consider that you might be using an online writer to create a variety of articles for your company, for example. By searching for professional papers writing reviews online, you can see what writers have to offer you.If you are working with freelance writers, the best part of using online services is that you can hire one at will. A writer can work for you once you have a qualified writer in mind, and then keep your writing to a minimum. Additionally, you can select different writers for specific services, meaning that you can choose whether you want an article online for your company website, or an ad online, depending on how your business operates.Another great thing about utilizing these services online isthat you can easily keep track of the quality of the service. As a matter of fact, you may find that you like working with a particular writer, and even receive a quality work after a brief period of time. Keep in mind that most people can find ways to fake quality articles, so make sure that you stick with the writer who offers quality, not looking for someone else.Paper writing service reviews can also help you find a professional writer quickly, since it is fairly easy to find them online. Once you have a writer in mind, you can send him or her a description of your requirements, and he or she can begin work as soon as possible. It really is a great service for any business looking to hire a professional writer.Paper writing service reviews are a great way to find a reliable service provider for your needs. The internet has allowed us to find great service providers for many products and services, so why not utilize this tool to help you find a great writer for your business?

Students At The University Of Wisconsin Madison - 856 Words

Students often do not take advantage of the opportunities available to them in the wider community because of a wide variety of engagement and extra-curricular opportunities offered on college campuses. Students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison can take advantage of the campus’ urban location to explore and build connections with the local community, in addition to furthering skills gained from the classroom. At college, students are often surrounded by others who are similar to them – mostly between ages of 18 and 22, pursuing a college education and beyond. The homogeneity within the campus bubble can make students forget what the real world is like. â€Å"You’re really missing something if you just come here for school and you don’t step off of campus and explore living in a brand new place on your own,† Ashley Viager, Assistant Director of Chadbourne Residential College, said. It is also important to understand that community extends beyond campus to the entire city, Stephanie Harrill, Badger Volunteers director, said. This is especially beneficial during a time of growth and development at a higher education institution. This kind of awareness allows for students to not only make the best out of their college experience but also contribute and help their communities to better the environment around them. Community engagement also gives students the opportunity to apply theoretical concepts into the real world to consolidate knowledge in a way that classroomShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Wisconsin Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesWisconsin University is located in Madison, Wisconsin. Wisconsin University, or UW, is located in Milwaukee’s upper east side, close to Lake Michigan. Many streets in Madison, including Hamilton Street, Washington Avenue, Franklin Street, and Paterson Street, are named after many of the signers of the Constitution. 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Inspirational Speech - 1567 Words

I am a part of NGO which is running a cause for people with disabilities. An inspirational speech for the disabled people to motivate them to become successful. Target Audience: Persons with disabilities except for deaf dumb people. Hello Friends, How are you? Doing great? good well, I would begin asking you one question What do you think of yourself? Do you think that you people are waste.. u r the extra baggage which this earth is carrying the society sees towards you with sympathy and nothing else. If your answers to these questions are yes†¦. Then I will prove you wrong And if the answers are ‘no’ then you are on right track and I will aid you Look how I am sure that ur thinking will change once I give you examples of†¦show more content†¦list of famous people who are considered dyslexic: physicist Albert Einstein, painter Leonardo Da Vinci, Walt Disney, novelist Agatha Christie, Thomas Edison, painter sculptor Pablo Picasso, and actor Abhishek Bachchan 4. In 1928, Franklin Roosevelt was elected as the governor of New York. He then started campaigning for the presidency, and he became the 32nd president of the United States in 1932. Furthermore, by defeating Alfred Landon in 1936, Wendell L. Wilkie in 1940, and Thomas Dewey in 1944, he became the only American President to serve more than two terms. In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt contracted a near fatal case of polio that left him with limited physical activity. He established a foundation at Warm Springs, Georgia to help other people who had polio, and he directed the March of Dimes Program that eventually funded an effective vaccine. As a result of polio, Roosevelt used a wheelchair and stood with the aid of steel leg braces. He tried numerous treatments, but was never able to walk on his own again. 5. Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, activist and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to graduate from college. 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Meaningfulness of Work - Responsibility and Knowledge of Outcome

Question: Discuss about the hygiene factor and motivational factor? Answer: Introduction The following essay is based on the significance of motivational theories and effective work environment that influence the workers to perform positively. The major purpose of the essay is to identify how the elements of strategic human resource management influence the affective work process. The essay effectively highlights the facts about how the organizations manage its internal work environment and develops the performance. It is quite certain that organizational performance is influenced or dependent on the human resource management practices. More specifically, the employee performance is the factor that influences the organizational performance. Thus, to learn internal factors that influence the organizational performance, the essay focuses on some significant elements of human resource management such as implementation of motivational theories, commitment, job satisfaction, employee wellbeing programs as well as other behavioral techniques that have wide impact on organizati onal performance. While applying the elements of strategic human resource practices such as implementation of motivational theories, the organizations have to link their human resource with the strategic goals and objectives to enhance business performance as well as develop organizational culture that promotes innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In this context, Danish and Usman (2010) mentioned that in an organizational setting, SHRM is referred to the action of accepting and involving the R functions as the strategic partner in the development of organizations strategies. The organizations that rely on the long-term goals and objectives often focus on its internal capabilities such as human resource. To keep the employees motivated, it is essential for employers to implement motivational activities. In this context, Manzoor (2012) commented that motivation is one of the forces that lead certainly lead to performance. Hence, Zhang and Bartol (2010) almost mentioned that motivation can be considered as the desired to achieve a goal or particular level of performance level, which leads to goal-directed behavior. Therefore, analyze these facts more intensively some relevant theories and models, related to motivation, commitment and employee job satisfaction have been discussed and linked with the evidences in the following. Discussion Due to the dynamic industrial environment, the organizations in each sector focus on their workforce development as the development of their strategic capabilities. The development human resource positively influences the performance. As the key strategy of human resource development, the employers emphasize on employee motivation activities. It is expected that in order to gain positive output from the employees, the employee needs and demands should be identified and fulfilled. In this context, De Cooman et al. (2011) commented that before applying conventional workforce development strategies, it is essential to focus on the issues and then develop the solutions. According to Voon et al. (2011), employee retention often remains as the big challenge in this dynamic corporate environment. However, employee retention can be managed by applying some key motivational theories as many organizations such as Unilever, PEPSI have been seen to be motivating its employees by meeting their ne eds. One of the major initiatives of Unilever is that it provides medical coverage of the entire family of the employee and the company provides yearly tangible benefits to its employees. Among several key motivational theories, Herzberg two-factor theory is widely embraced and praised by the scholars and marketers. There are two significant factors in Herzberg motivational theory namely hygiene factor and motivational factor and these two factors further include some sub-factors such as pay, company policy, fringe benefits, physical work condition, status and job condition that fall under the hygiene factor. In order to retain the key employees, the salary structure of the company needs to appropriate and it must be competitive to others in the same industry. As put forward by Dartey-Baah and Amoako (2011), when two or more organization in the same domain of same sector develop high salary structure, the employees find the reasons for leaving their existing company. As the competition is high pay structure is not the only solution of employee turnover, as mentioned in Herzbergs theory, the employers must provide other essential benefits like medical coverage and job security. This means the company needs to make their employees feel secure like a family. On the contrary, motivational factors include some sub-factors such as recognition, growth and promotional opportunities, responsibility as well as the meaningfulness of work (Hyun and Oh 2011). It is often observed that employees who work in the organization for long expect that their performance should be appreciated. Therefore, the organizations need to provide rewards and recognitions to the employees. In addition, the employees who work in the organizations for long look for career growth. Thus, the companies provide internal career opportunities for the potential and experienced employees. Another significant motivational theory often praised by McGregor X and Y theory. According to X theory, the leaders and managers tend to build a pessimistic opinion of their employees and consider that they naturally unmotivated. Consequently, the leaders need to think that team members or the employees need to be promoted, rewarded as well as penalized to ensure that they complete their tasks. However, Kopelman, Prottas and Falk (2010) commented that theory X does not fit the current dynamic environment. This means the organizations that have an autocratic culture implement such theory. On the contrary, with theory Y, the managers have an optimistic as well as positive opinion of their people. As the result, they tend to develop a decentralized and participative management style. The employees dare to take greater responsibility and their leaders encourage the workers to enhance their skills and recommend improvements. The appraisal activities are regular in theory Y. Moreover, the leaders develop an open communication style to build a healthy and positive relationship with the employees. This practice helps the employees to discuss their issues with the leaders with the hope of solution. Like the motivational theories, a positive work environment contributes a lot to the development of human resource in an organization. According to ?ahin (2012), a positive work environment refers to an environment that forms the part of workers engagement with the work itself such as the relationship with co-workers, managers, culture of the firm and scope for personal development. As put forward by Aiken et al. (2011), a positive work environment makes the staff feel positive about coming to work and this enhances the motivation to sustain throughout the work shift. However, a positive work environment must include Transparent and Open communication, work life balance, training and development-focused and recognition for hard work. According to Piccolo et al. (2010), a transparent as well as open form of communication identifies the employees need to make them feel that what initiatives the authorities take should has value. The activities, the workers perform becomes more meaningful and the employees learn that what they contribute to the organizations influence the organizations where they work. Similarly, another significant aspect is work-life balance. A workplace must have some sort of balance between the work and the personal life. As mentioned by Cummings et al. (2010), the balance could improve job satisfaction among the staff members as they feel they are not forcefully avoiding the other areas of their life. Hence, in the context of positive work environment, Kossek et al. (2011) insisted on the training and development, which means a workplace should not promote its positivity by only developing communication and work balance culture. Workforce development is a significant part of positive work environment. It is essential for the employers to keep abreast with the barriers as well as train their employees accordingly. As the strategy of employee motivation, HR department pays attention to job design, which could motivate the employees. While designing the tasks, HR considers the certain elements such as job specialization, job engagement, job enrichment and other factors. As mentioned by, Albrech, (2011), job engagement is one of the significant aspects to be considered, which refers to the expansion of the tasks conducted by the workers to increase more variety. Thus, providing the employees with several tasks, the HR stops limiting their activities to a small number of tasks. Likewise, the job enrichment technique is often used by HR, which allows the employees to take more control over how they conduct their own activities. This approach allows the staff members to take more responsibility. According to Barrick et al. (2013), as a significant alternative to job specialization, the organizations applying job enrichment techniques could observe positive outcome like reduced employee turnover, inc reased produced as well as reduced absenteeism. The job characteristic model developed and designed by Hackman and Oldman is based on the idea that the task itself is the potential to employee motivation. Particularly, a monotonous job could stifle the motivation to perform effectively. However, challenging job could also increase the motivation. In this context, Morris and Venkatesh (2010) commented that variety, autonomy as well as decision authority are the key factors of adding barrier to a job. Hackman and Oldhams job characteristic model theory suggests that motivation is liked to experiencing three psychological states such as meaningfulness of work, responsibility and knowledge of outcome. Among five different core elements, the skill variety is the extent to which a job requires a variety of different activities. In addition, it requires the use of different skills as well as talents of workers. According to Katsikea et al. (2011), jobs that appear to be high in skill variety are observed by employees as challenging due t o the range of skills involved. For instance, it can be mentioned that an administrative assistant with an increasing skill variety could have to perform several tasks. Likewise, the task identity is the extent to which a job might require completion of whole piece of work. The employees need to gain the ability of identifying the work and complete the work, hence enabling more pride to be considered in the outcome of the job. It is also observed that task significance is the extent to which the job has a substantial on the lives of other people. For instance, healthcare staff working on a cure for a terminal disease is likely to identify the significance of their work to the society. Like other elements, the autonomy is the extent to which the job provides substantial freedom, independence as well as discretion to the worker in scheduling the tasks as well as in determining the techniques to be used in the implementing the tasks. According to Christian, Garza and Slaughter (2011), autonomy is considered as the fundamental in developing the sense of responsibility in employees. Even though, most of the employees are intended to work within the wide constraints of an organization, they expect a particular degree of freedom. For instance, a sale person is often considered to be highly autonomous as they schedule their own work and select the most appropriate approaches for each customer. In addition, the job feedback refers to the extent to which implementing the work activities needed by the task provides the individual with appropriate direction as well as clear information regarding the effectiveness of the performance. The feedback can be both positive and negat ive but it is effective when it remains balanced. As commented by Morris and Venkatesh (2010), the organizations should provide the feedback on time instead of delay until the annual appraisal meeting. There is a significant way, based on which the workers could make adjustment to assess how they perform in the present time. It is also observed that feedback usually come directly from the activities that employees perform. The senior management or the supervisors provide the feedback verbally or in a document. For example, Mulberry (a retail organization in UK), sales person usually receives the feedback regarding the number of contacts they make on a daily or weekly basis. The above-discussed fundamental job characteristics have significant effects on different critical psychological state. For instance, task identity, skill variety and task significance altogether contribute to employees observed meaningfulness of the work. In this context, Barrick, Mount and Li (2013) commented that a job that provides a large deal of autonomy are observed to be contributing to individuals experienced responsibility for the consequence of the work. When the employees have the freedom to decide what to do and how to do it, the employees feel more responsible for the work or its consequence. Eventually, the job feedback is observed to provide employee with the knowledge of the actual outcome of the work. Hence, Taylor (2015) commented that when a job is designed or developed to provide the employees with the information regarding the effects of their initiatives in the workplace, they gain the ability of developing an understanding about how effectively they perform. I n addition to this, it is also observed that job characteristics model of Hackman and Oldman implies that the three significant psychological states largely affect different personal as well as work outcome such as internal work motivation of employees, enhanced satisfaction and general job and work effectiveness. According to Katsikea (2011), when the individuals perform the task that has increasing level of these five core characteristics, they should feel highly motivated and satisfied. Even though job characteristics model of Hackman and Oldman includes some unique characteristics for employee motivation, this model has a significant relationship with Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. Maslows hierarchy of needs theory consists of five different needs namely physiological, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The fulfillment of these needs can be considered as the employee motivational activities. The self-esteem need is associated with individuals belief that person is doing good and her effort and contribution should be recognized. As put forward by Christian, Garza and Slaughter (2011), confidence is the potential element; this means if a supervisor will tell, the employee has the confidence, that employee will perform well. Likewise, this principle is also applicable in the workplace. If the staff member believes in himself or herself, the others believe in them. This need of Maslows hierarchy can be can be linked with job character istics model of Hackman and Oldman, which is task significance. The task significance indicates that if employees observe and understand their role as well as they has self-confidence about the job, they perform well. Hence, the most important point is that employees believe that they are doing something significant in their organization. Similarly, the love and belonging needs, which helps to learn that if employees who respond in the affirmative could be enagaed than who do not. This is significantly attributed to Maslow low third range of needs. The organizations with a long record of social as well as other camaraderie-building activities have large extent of employee involvement than organizations. Similarly, in Hackman and Oldmans job characteristic model, skill variety has the ability or it discusses the ability of performing the large variety of tasks. Hence, Taylor (2015) mentioned that jobs that have large skills variety are often observed as more challenging by the employees. This characteristic increases the chance of high involvement of employees to tasks. When it increases the involvement of the employees, the employees develop a great sense of competence. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that job enrichment is an effective strategy for job content. It can be mentioned that Fredrick Herzeberg, Hackman and Oldham provides the explicit framework for developing jobs. On the basis of their own work as well as their work of others, they enhanced a job characteristics model. More specifically, the model especially specifies that enriching certain aspects of jobs alter peoples psychological states in a manner that improves their work effectiveness. In addition, it can also be mentioned that as the industrial environment has become dynamic, the organizations have to apply several strategies for the enhancement of both external and internal environment. Thus, for the development of internal environment, the major focus of the company is to develop the internal capabilities. The biggest aspect of internal capabilities is the workforce. In order to have control over the external environment, the company needs to focus on human resource. As discussed above, the motivational activities such as the application of Herzberg two-factor theory often helps the employers to fulfill the needs of the employees. Likewise, McGregor Y theory helps to build an effective relationship with the employees, which eventually motivates the employees and as the result, they perform effectively. Nevertheless, it is necessary for the companies to focus on the innovative strategies for employee motivation. This is because, each industry has observed a rapid change and the competition of hiring the talented workforce is increasing. The workforce is the only resource that enables the company to remain active in the competition. Thus, the employers need to develop innovative human resource development plan in coming future. References Aiken, L.H., Cimiotti, J.P., Sloane, D.M., Smith, H.L., Flynn, L. and Neff, D.F., 2011. The effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments.Medical care,49(12), p.1047. Albrech, S.L., 2011. Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(7). Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. and Li, N., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.132-153. Christian, M.S., Garza, A.S. and Slaughter, J.E., 2011. Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance.Personnel Psychology,64(1), pp.89-136. Cummings, G.G., MacGregor, T., Davey, M., Lee, H., Wong, C.A., Lo, E., Muise, M. and Stafford, E., 2010. Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,47(3), pp.363-385. Danish, R.Q. and Usman, A., 2010. Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan.International journal of business and management,5(2), p.159. Dartey-Baah, K. and Amoako, G.K., 2011. Application of Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian Perspective.European Journal of Business and Management,3(9), pp.1-8. De Cooman, R., De Gieter, S., Pepermans, R. and Jegers, M., 2011. A cross-sector comparison of motivation-related concepts in for-profit and not-for-profit service organizations.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,40(2), pp.296-317. Hyun, S. and Oh, H., 2011. Reexamination of Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation in the Korean army foodservice operations.Journal of Foodservice Business Research,14(2), pp.100-121. Katsikea, E., Theodosiou, M., Perdikis, N. and Kehagias, J., 2011. The effects of organizational structure and job characteristics on export sales managers job satisfaction and organizational commitment.Journal of World Business,46(2), pp.221-233. Kopelman, R.E., Prottas, D.J. and Falk, D.W., 2010. Construct validation of a Theory X/Y behavior scale.Leadership Organization Development Journal,31(2), pp.120-135. Kossek, E.E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T. and Hammer, L.B., 2011. Workplace social support and workfamily conflict: A meta?analysis clarifying the influence of general and workfamily?specific supervisor and organizational support.Personnel psychology,64(2), pp.289-313. Manzoor, Q.A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), p.1. Morris, M.G. and Venkatesh, V., 2010. Job characteristics and job satisfaction: understanding the role of enterprise resource planning system implementation.Mis Quarterly, pp.143-161. Piccolo, R.F., Greenbaum, R., Hartog, D.N.D. and Folger, R., 2010. The relationship between ethical leadership and core job characteristics.Journal of Organizational Behavior,31(2?3), pp.259-278. Russ, T.L., 2011. Theory X/Y assumptions as predictors of managers' propensity for participative decision making.Management Decision,49(5), pp.823-836. ?ahin, F., 2012. The mediating effect of leadermember exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis.Journal of Management Organization,18(02), pp.159-174. Skudiene, V. and Auruskeviciene, V., 2012. The contribution of corporate social responsibility to internal employee motivation.Baltic journal of management,7(1), pp.49-67. Taylor, G., 2015. Hackman And Oldham's Job Characteristics Model.Teaching Business Economics,19(2), p.7. Voon, M.L., Lo, M.C., Ngui, K.S. and Ayob, N.B., 2011. The influence of leadership styles on employees job satisfaction in public sector organizations in Malaysia.International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences,2(1), pp.24-32. Zhang, X. and Bartol, K.M., 2010. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement.Academy of management journal,53(1), pp.107

Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti

Leonardo Da Vinci Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leonardo was a famous European artist due to the popularity of his artworks. However, Monalisa remains the most popular work among his paintings. In this image, the woman is portrayed as a pyramid. Her head forms the sharp tip of the pyramid while her closed arms represent the base. The folded arms imply that she is a composed woman. The smile on the woman’s face is used to portray her beauty and openness (Byrne 1). The first character that captures the attention of the viewer is the lady’s smile which is sandwiched by her dark clothing and long hair. Leonardo used the technique of sfumato (shadow and light) to add glossy texture on her hair. The same technique was applied to hutch the smile on the lady’s face by focusing on the edges of her mouth and eyes. Monalis sa by Leonardo da Vinci The landscape in the background seems to be in a consistent state. There are many characters in the background such as a river, valleys and vegetation. The light is flowing from a raised source because it only highlights on the area above the lady’s arms. The same light is used to tell us more about the environment The extreme end of the image which represent the distance between the lady and the landscape is lighter (Meshberger and Rich 1).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The colors used in the image are of low intensity and they are partially integrated in the background. Shadows and light have been combined to create texture on the clothing of the lady. The image is balanced because of the space occupied by the lady. Additionally, the image can be seen from two perspectives: the top and front views. The position between her head and the arms represent her h eight while her forehead unveils her thickness. Michelangelo Buonarroti The creation of Adam is among the popular paintings by Michelangelo. In this painting, there is a nude man who is laying on a rock. On the other side, there is another living being that is similar to man on the ground. This other being is clothed, looks stronger and mightier, and is surrounded by young people (Kemp A 9). The nude man looks lonely and judging by the look on his face, he is asking for some help from the other being. The image presents a symbolism of religion and its importance. Lines have been used to put emphasis on the masculinity of the male character. Adequate light has been distributed in the entire work to show the sort of resemblance that exists between the different characters (Kemp M 1). The two entities are in different worlds and thus, can only communicate through their hands. The divine being and the aides are housed by a structure that resembles the human heart which means that the r eality between the two is not something that can be seen or touched.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The creation of Adam by Michelangelo Buonarroti The texture of the image is smooth because there are no hard surfaces or materials. The colors used are of low value and they play the role of adding a lively tone to the painting. The blue color has been used to create distance between the nude man and the landscape. The green vegetation is created by making incomplete brush strokes but all the same, it creates the desired impression. There is more space that is yet to be utilized and from the appearance, the nude man was the first image to be drafted. Similarly, the divine being might have been brought into the picture for filling the vacuum. Works Cited Byrne David. A History of Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam in the Sistine Cha pel. 23 Aug 2006. Web. Meshberger Lynn and Tony Rich. Explaining the Hidden Meaning of Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam. n.d. Web. Kemp, Amelia. â€Å"Smile, Please.†Ã‚  The Guardian. 19 Oct. 2004. Web. Kemp, Martin. Leonardo da Vinci: The Marvelous Works of Nature and Man. New York: Oxford University Press, Print. 2006.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti was written and submitted by user Finley H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jimmy Doolittle

Jimmy Doolittle Tokyo’s citizens felt secure eventho at war; Radio Tokyo assured the people they and Emperor Hirohito were safe from enemy attacks Kamikaze mystique constituted a spiritual fortress around the Japanese homeland. No foreign attackers since Kublai Khan 1281 when a violent storm had turned him back; this storm called kamikaze or divine wind During the previous 4Â ½ months their armed forces had scored triumph after triumph (including assaults on American territories of Guam, Philippines and Hawaii) on the war fronts of the Pacific; victory fever reigns A US submariner named Capt. Francis Low had seen aircraft taking off from the USS Hornet in Norfolk, Va; watched Navy aircraft practicing take-offs and landings on runways painted like flight decks; then he noticed twin engine army bombers overhead on a mock bombing run – what if Army bombers could take off from an aircraft carrier? US commanders dared not attempt a carrier attack against Japan using short-range Navy aircraft b/c would be detected and attacked b4 launch point but Army bombers had much more range and could possible catch Japanese defenders with their guard down Idea goes onto Navy Adm who wrote it out and it was passed on the Gen Arnold who chose Col. James Doolittle aged 45 as the to get the men and aircraft together for the mission, NOT fly it but plan it – he had too much know how to be risked on a combat mission Why Doolittle? Flying fame only 2nd the Lindberg, set aviation speed records, had performed the 1st outside loop, scored a first in ‘blind flying’, earned a doctorate of aeronautical science from MIT, in general if it had wings and looked like a plane – chances were good Doolittle had either flown or could fly it B-25s chosen could take off but they were too large to land on carrier so this was a 1 way mission so landings would be in either China or Russia; Doolittle estimates success at 50-50 Vladivostok 1st choice of landi... Free Essays on Jimmy Doolittle Free Essays on Jimmy Doolittle Jimmy Doolittle Tokyo’s citizens felt secure eventho at war; Radio Tokyo assured the people they and Emperor Hirohito were safe from enemy attacks Kamikaze mystique constituted a spiritual fortress around the Japanese homeland. No foreign attackers since Kublai Khan 1281 when a violent storm had turned him back; this storm called kamikaze or divine wind During the previous 4Â ½ months their armed forces had scored triumph after triumph (including assaults on American territories of Guam, Philippines and Hawaii) on the war fronts of the Pacific; victory fever reigns A US submariner named Capt. Francis Low had seen aircraft taking off from the USS Hornet in Norfolk, Va; watched Navy aircraft practicing take-offs and landings on runways painted like flight decks; then he noticed twin engine army bombers overhead on a mock bombing run – what if Army bombers could take off from an aircraft carrier? US commanders dared not attempt a carrier attack against Japan using short-range Navy aircraft b/c would be detected and attacked b4 launch point but Army bombers had much more range and could possible catch Japanese defenders with their guard down Idea goes onto Navy Adm who wrote it out and it was passed on the Gen Arnold who chose Col. James Doolittle aged 45 as the to get the men and aircraft together for the mission, NOT fly it but plan it – he had too much know how to be risked on a combat mission Why Doolittle? Flying fame only 2nd the Lindberg, set aviation speed records, had performed the 1st outside loop, scored a first in ‘blind flying’, earned a doctorate of aeronautical science from MIT, in general if it had wings and looked like a plane – chances were good Doolittle had either flown or could fly it B-25s chosen could take off but they were too large to land on carrier so this was a 1 way mission so landings would be in either China or Russia; Doolittle estimates success at 50-50 Vladivostok 1st choice of landi...

North American P-51 Mustang Fighter

North American P-51 Mustang Fighter North American P-51D Specifications: General Length: 32 ft. 3 in.Wingspan: 37 ft.Height: 13 ft. 8 in.Wing Area: 235 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 7,635 lbs.Loaded Weight: 9,200 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight: 12,100 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Maximum Speed: 437 mphRange: 1,650 miles (w/ external tanks)Rate of Climb: 3,200 ft./min.Service Ceiling: 41,900 ft.Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Packard V-1650-7 liquid-cooled supercharged V-12, 1,490 hp Armament 6 Ãâ€" 0.50 in. machine gunsUp to 2,000 lb of bombs (2 hardpoints)10 x 5 unguided rockets Development: With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the British government established a purchasing commission in the United States to acquire aircraft to supplement the Royal Air Force. Overseen by Sir Henry Self, who was charged with directing RAF aircraft production as well as research and development, this commission initially sought to acquire large numbers of the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk for use in Europe. While not an ideal aircraft, it the P-40 was the only American fighter then in production that came close to the performance standards required for combat over Europe. Contacting Curtiss, the commissions plan soon proved unworkable as the Curtiss-Wright plant was unable to take new orders. As a result, Self approached North American Aviation as the company was already supplying the RAF with trainers and was attempting to sell the British their new B-25 Mitchell bomber. Meeting with North American president James Dutch Kindelberger, Self asked if the company could produce the P-40 under contract. Kindelberger replied that rather than transition North Americans assembly lines to the P-40, he could have a superior fighter designed and ready to fly in a shorter span of time. In response to this offer, Sir Wilfrid Freeman, the head of the British Ministry of Aircraft Production placed an order for 320 aircraft in March 1940. As part of the contract, the RAF specified a minimum armament of four .303 machine guns, a maximum unit price of $40,000, and for the first production aircraft to be available by January 1941. Design: With this order in hand, North American designers Raymond Rice and Edgar Schmued began the NA-73X project to create a fighter around the P-40s Allison V-1710 engine. Due to Britains wartime needs, the project progressed rapidly and a prototype was ready for testing only 117 days after the order was placed. This aircraft featured a new arrangement for its engine cooling system which saw it placed aft of the cockpit with the radiator mounted in the belly.  Testing soon found that this placement allowed the NA-73X to take advantage of the Meredith effect in which heated air exiting the radiator could be used to boost the aircrafts speed.  Constructed entirely of aluminum to reduce weight, the new aircrafts fuselage utilized a semi-monocoque design.   First flying on October 26, 1940, the P-51 utilized a laminar flow wing design which provided low drag at high speeds and was the product of collaborative research between North American and the  National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. While the prototype proved substantially faster than the P-40, there was a substantial drop in performance when operating over 15,000 feet. While adding a supercharger to the engine would have solved this issue, the aircrafts design made it impractical. Despite this, the British were eager to have the aircraft which was initially provided with eight machine guns (4 x .30 cal., 4 x .50 cal.). The US Army Air Corps approved Britains original contract for 320 aircraft on the condition that they received two for testing. The first production aircraft flew May 1, 1941, and the new fighter was adopted under the name Mustang Mk I by the British and dubbed the XP-51 by the USAAC. Arriving in Britain in October 1941, the Mustang first saw service with No. 26 Squadron before making its combat debut on May 10, 1942. Possessing outstanding range and low-level performance, the RAF primarily assigned the aircraft to Army Cooperation Command which utilized the Mustang for ground support and tactical reconnaissance. In this role, the Mustang made its first long-range reconnaissance mission over Germany on July 27, 1942. The aircraft also provided ground support during the disasterous Dieppe Raid that August. The initial order was soon followed by the second contract for 300 planes which differed only in armament carried. The Americans Embrace the Mustang: During 1942, Kindelberger pressed the newly re-designated US Army Air Forces for a fighter contract to continue production of the aircraft. Lacking funds for fighters in early 1942, Major General Oliver P. Echols was able to issue a contract for 500 of a version of the P-51 which had been designed for a ground attack role. Designated the A-36A Apache/Invader these aircraft began arriving that September. Finally, on June 23, a contract for 310 P-51A fighters was issued to North American. While the Apache name was initially retained, it was soon dropped in favor of Mustang. Refining the Aircraft: In April 1942, the RAF asked Rolls-Royce to work on addressing the aircrafts high altitude woes. Engineers quickly realized that many of the issues could be resolved by swapping the Allison with one of their Merlin 61 engines equipped with a two speed, two stage supercharger. Testing in Britain and America, where the engine was built under contract as the Packard V-1650-3, proved highly successful. Immediately put into mass production as the P-51B/C (British Mk III), the aircraft began reaching the front lines in late 1943. Though the improved Mustang received rave reviews from pilots, many complained about a lack of rearward visibility due to the aircrafts razorback profile. While the British have experimented with field modifications using Malcolm hoods similar to those on the Supermarine Spitfire, North American sought a permanent solution to the problem. The result was the definitive version of the Mustang, the P-51D, which featured a completely transparent bubble hood and six .50 cal. machine guns. The most widely produced variant, 7,956 P-51Ds were built. A final type, the P-51H arrived too late to see service. Operational History: Arriving in Europe, the P-51 proved key to maintaining the Combined Bomber Offensive against Germany. Prior to its arrival daylight bombing raids routinely sustained heavy losses as current Allied fighters, such as the Spitfire and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, lacked the range to provide an escort. With the superb range of the P-51B and subsequent variants, the USAAF was able to provide its bombers with protection for the duration of raids. As a result, the US 8th and 9th Air Forces began exchanging their P-47s and Lockheed P-38 Lightnings for Mustangs. In addition to escort duties, the P-51 was a gifted air superiority fighter, routinely besting Luftwaffe fighters, while also serving admirably in a ground strike role. The fighters high speed and performance made it one of the few aircraft capable of pursuing V-1 flying bombs and defeating the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. While best known for its service in Europe, some Mustang units saw service in the Pacific and the Far East. During World War II, the P-51 was credited with downing 4,950 German aircraft, the most of any Allied fighter. Following the war, the P-51 was retained as the USAAFs standard, piston-engine fighter. Re-designated the F-51 in 1948, the aircraft was soon eclipsed in the fighter role by newer jets. With the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the F-51 returned to active service in a ground attack role. It performed admirably as a strike aircraft for the duration of the conflict. Passing out of frontline service, the F-51 was retained by reserve units until 1957. Though it had departed American service, the P-51 was utilized by numerous air forces around the world with the last being retired by the Dominican Air Force in 1984. Selected Sources Ace Pilots: P-51 MustangBoeing: P-51 MustangFighter Plans: P-51 MustangAngelucci, Enzo, Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft: 1914-1980 (The Military Press: New York, 1983), 233, 234.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Personal Statement - Essay Example I have enjoyed archaeology since I was a small child, pouring through a substantial volume of books and published articles about general archaeology and Egyptology. Reputable and well-known historians and experts in antiquity have given me the fundamental self-taught education in the field that only served to inspire even more zealous interest in this area of study and career. Currently, I am studying at Kaplan International College in areas of generalized education. However, I was recently accepted at Westminster University to study law on the advice of my caregivers. Upon careful examination and assessment of their influence, I realize that my true passion is archaeology and aspire to reject their intentions to pursue an area of interest of which I am dedicated and highly motivated. Archaeology gives us a framework to identify with ourselves in the modern world by comparing historical record and lifestyle with contemporary culture. My enthusiasm for this area of study is unparallel ed and I can think of no more appropriate field that is perfectly constructed for my ambitions and level of interest.

Moral Judgment and Ethical Leadership in Chinese Management-The Role Research Paper

Moral Judgment and Ethical Leadership in Chinese Management-The Role of Confucianism and Collectivism - Research Paper Example The paper throws light on moral judgment and ethical aspects are two of the most important aspects used in management leadership. Management leaders need to take decisions in regard to greater moral judgments and ethical perspectives. Moral judgment and ethical decision making abilities are important in management leadership in order to develop the organizational science. Moral judgment and ethical leadership management help organizations to reduce the uncertainties in management issues related to interests of multiple stakeholders and management values. In Chinese management system theses concepts are highly important in creating greater effective management leadership practices, Confucianism is the most important ethical as well as philosophical system which was developed by the renowned Chinese philosopher Confucius. This ethical and philosophical aspect is also applied in management leadership practices. The notion of collectivism deals with the any political, social, economic, a nd religious aspect which emphasizes on the interdependence of each and every human being and the concept is very much important in Chinese leadership management for increasing the level of collected interests in management practices. The political structure of the country is the most important inspiration for promoting the collectivism approach in the country and Confucianism acts as the moral guiding support for management leaders across the country to apply moral judgment and ethical aspects in business management practices. ... This ethical and philosophical aspect is also applied in management leadership practices. The notion of collectivism deals with the any political, social, economic, and religious aspect which emphasizes on the interdependence of each and every human being and the concept is very much important in Chinese leadership management for increasing the level of collected interests in management practices. The political structure of the country is the most important inspiration for promoting the collectivism approach in the country and Confucianism acts as the moral guiding support for management leaders across the country to apply moral judgment and ethical aspects in business management practices (Cheng, 2011, pp. 657-658). Literature Review and propositions Development: A) The Nature of Confucianism: Confucianism plays an important role in the process of development of strong cultural perception in Chinese social, cultural, economic, and business management perspectives and also it plays t he most crucial role in the process of development in the culture of the country. Confucianism leads to greater and stronger perceptions in the cultural context of the country. The core idea of Confucianism is humanism which is the guiding force for developing the stronger perspective in the cultural context of the country. The ethical and sociopolitical teaching of the notion of Confucianism and the humanism approach of the performing social, cultural, economic, and political practices and acts are helping the development of all cultural contexts of the country to become stronger with the passage of time (Husted and Alan, 2008, pp. 297-299). This property of Confucianism of dealing with humanism helps the culture of the country through developments of people

Humanism and Clericism Of The 16th Century :: Philosophy

Humanism and Clericism Of The 16th Century The two paintings, The conversion of St. Paul by Caravaggio, and lady writing a letter with her maid by Vermeer, reflect the religious conflict between the Protestant and catholic cultures of 16th century Europe. Before we take a look at why they reflect the religious dispute, first we must know some background on what caused it. Humanism and Clericism. During the renaissance humanism stood for the intellectual attitudes of the ancient world paired with the wide acceptance of the existence of God. Humanists were interested in aesthetics, saw the usefulness of historic knowledge, and were convinced that man's main duty in life, was to enjoy his life soberly and to be active in his community. It was believed that those who studied the past would be able to lead better, more responsible lives. On the contrary, there is something called Clericism, where people believed G-d reigned supreme to all and that humanism remained useless because the mer man was worth so little. The statue of David best describes the ongoing influence of Protestant and catholic controversy on the visual arts. Michaelangelo uses David, a character from the Old Testament as his subject matter. The story goes that David, a mer man throws a stone with a slingshot at the mighty giant Goliath and kills him. (Your basic good vs. Evil.) Michaelangelo uses Clericism in this piece by incorporating a story from the bible, and on the other hand also incorporates his humanism influence into the work of art by placing himself as the character David; Giving us the impression that even the mer man can overcome his problems with knowledge of how to defeat them, instead of continually relying on the almighty to solve your problems for you. David shows the 2 conflicting views in a magnificent statue form. Another Magnificent piece of artwork is Leonardo's sketch of a man within a circle. Vitruvius adding a quote to the piece later on, "man in his perfect proportions, is the center of all things", suggests that this piece was influenced by humanism. We say this because the piece portrays a mere man as the center instead of what the catholics may haved placed, that which god would be in the center of the circle. Catholics, Priests, and church officials alike would not approve of this irrational idea and the sketch itself. A christian priest & scholar, Martin Luther, was a man of thought, as well as a man of action.

Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta Muhammad ibn Battuta (1304-ca. 1368) was a Moorish traveler whose extensive voyages as far as Sumatra and China, southern Russia, the Maldives, the East African coast, and Timbuktu made him one of the greatest medieval travelers. Muhammad ibn Battuta was born in Tangier. His family was of Berber origin and had a tradition of service as judges. After receiving an education in Islamic law, Ibn Battuta set out in 1325, at the age of 21, to perform the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca and to continue his studies in the East. He reached Mecca in 1326 by way of Egypt and Syria. This journey aroused in him the passion to see the world. From Mecca he made a trip to Iraq and western Persia as far as Tabriz and in 1327 returned via Baghdad to Mecca, where he spent the next 3 years. Ibn Battuta then traveled by ship along the Red Sea shores to Yemen and from Aden to Mogadishu and the East African trading ports. He returned by way of Oman and the Persian Gulf to Mecca in 1332. Next he passed through Egypt and Syria and by ship reached Anatolia, where he visited local Turkish rulers and religious brotherhoods. He crossed the Black Sea to the Crimea in the territories of the Golden Horde and visited its khan in the Caucasus. He then journeyed to Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde east of the lower Volga, and then through Khwarizm, Transoxiana, and Afghanistan to the Indus valley. From 1333 to 1342 Ibn Battuta stayed at Delhi, where Sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq gave him a position as judge, and then he traveled through central India and along the Malabar coast to the Maldives. His next trip took him to Ceylon, back to the Maldives, Bengal, Assam, and Sumatra. He landed in China at the port of Zayton and probably reached Peking. Returning via Sumatra to Malabar in 1347, he took a ship to the Persian Gulf. He revisited Baghdad, Syria, Egypt, Mecca, and Alexandria, traveled by ship to Tunis, Sardinia, and Algeria, and reached Fez by an overland route in 1349. After a visit to the Moslem kingdom of Granada, he made a final trip through the Sahara to the black Moslem empire on the Niger, returning to Fez in 1354. During his travels Ibn Battuta sometimes lost his diaries and had to rewrite them from memory. His travel book was written from his reports by Ibn Juzayy, a man of letters commissioned by the ruler of Fez. These circumstances may account for some inaccuracies in chronology and itineraries and other shortcomings of the work which affect some parts in particular. However, the book contains invaluable and sometimes unique information on the countries Ibn Battuta visited. Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta Muhammad ibn Battuta (1304-ca. 1368) was a Moorish traveler whose extensive voyages as far as Sumatra and China, southern Russia, the Maldives, the East African coast, and Timbuktu made him one of the greatest medieval travelers. Muhammad ibn Battuta was born in Tangier. His family was of Berber origin and had a tradition of service as judges. After receiving an education in Islamic law, Ibn Battuta set out in 1325, at the age of 21, to perform the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca and to continue his studies in the East. He reached Mecca in 1326 by way of Egypt and Syria. This journey aroused in him the passion to see the world. From Mecca he made a trip to Iraq and western Persia as far as Tabriz and in 1327 returned via Baghdad to Mecca, where he spent the next 3 years. Ibn Battuta then traveled by ship along the Red Sea shores to Yemen and from Aden to Mogadishu and the East African trading ports. He returned by way of Oman and the Persian Gulf to Mecca in 1332. Next he passed through Egypt and Syria and by ship reached Anatolia, where he visited local Turkish rulers and religious brotherhoods. He crossed the Black Sea to the Crimea in the territories of the Golden Horde and visited its khan in the Caucasus. He then journeyed to Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde east of the lower Volga, and then through Khwarizm, Transoxiana, and Afghanistan to the Indus valley. From 1333 to 1342 Ibn Battuta stayed at Delhi, where Sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq gave him a position as judge, and then he traveled through central India and along the Malabar coast to the Maldives. His next trip took him to Ceylon, back to the Maldives, Bengal, Assam, and Sumatra. He landed in China at the port of Zayton and probably reached Peking. Returning via Sumatra to Malabar in 1347, he took a ship to the Persian Gulf. He revisited Baghdad, Syria, Egypt, Mecca, and Alexandria, traveled by ship to Tunis, Sardinia, and Algeria, and reached Fez by an overland route in 1349. After a visit to the Moslem kingdom of Granada, he made a final trip through the Sahara to the black Moslem empire on the Niger, returning to Fez in 1354. During his travels Ibn Battuta sometimes lost his diaries and had to rewrite them from memory. His travel book was written from his reports by Ibn Juzayy, a man of letters commissioned by the ruler of Fez. These circumstances may account for some inaccuracies in chronology and itineraries and other shortcomings of the work which affect some parts in particular. However, the book contains invaluable and sometimes unique information on the countries Ibn Battuta visited. Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta Muhammad ibn Battuta (1304-ca. 1368) was a Moorish traveler whose extensive voyages as far as Sumatra and China, southern Russia, the Maldives, the East African coast, and Timbuktu made him one of the greatest medieval travelers. Muhammad ibn Battuta was born in Tangier. His family was of Berber origin and had a tradition of service as judges. After receiving an education in Islamic law, Ibn Battuta set out in 1325, at the age of 21, to perform the obligatory pilgrimage to Mecca and to continue his studies in the East. He reached Mecca in 1326 by way of Egypt and Syria. This journey aroused in him the passion to see the world. From Mecca he made a trip to Iraq and western Persia as far as Tabriz and in 1327 returned via Baghdad to Mecca, where he spent the next 3 years. Ibn Battuta then traveled by ship along the Red Sea shores to Yemen and from Aden to Mogadishu and the East African trading ports. He returned by way of Oman and the Persian Gulf to Mecca in 1332. Next he passed through Egypt and Syria and by ship reached Anatolia, where he visited local Turkish rulers and religious brotherhoods. He crossed the Black Sea to the Crimea in the territories of the Golden Horde and visited its khan in the Caucasus. He then journeyed to Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde east of the lower Volga, and then through Khwarizm, Transoxiana, and Afghanistan to the Indus valley. From 1333 to 1342 Ibn Battuta stayed at Delhi, where Sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq gave him a position as judge, and then he traveled through central India and along the Malabar coast to the Maldives. His next trip took him to Ceylon, back to the Maldives, Bengal, Assam, and Sumatra. He landed in China at the port of Zayton and probably reached Peking. Returning via Sumatra to Malabar in 1347, he took a ship to the Persian Gulf. He revisited Baghdad, Syria, Egypt, Mecca, and Alexandria, traveled by ship to Tunis, Sardinia, and Algeria, and reached Fez by an overland route in 1349. After a visit to the Moslem kingdom of Granada, he made a final trip through the Sahara to the black Moslem empire on the Niger, returning to Fez in 1354. During his travels Ibn Battuta sometimes lost his diaries and had to rewrite them from memory. His travel book was written from his reports by Ibn Juzayy, a man of letters commissioned by the ruler of Fez. These circumstances may account for some inaccuracies in chronology and itineraries and other shortcomings of the work which affect some parts in particular. However, the book contains invaluable and sometimes unique information on the countries Ibn Battuta visited.

Django Unchained Heros Journey - 1223 Words

Steven Contreras Mrs. Uyemura English 1A 27 May 2013 Road To Freedom The Hero with a Thousand Faces, by Joseph Campbell, explains the characteristics of the hero’s journey. This journey consists of a hero leaving his or her ordinary world on an adventure to later return as a changed person. The movie Django Unchained tells the story of a newly freed slave, Django, in the world of racism at its most treacherous time. Django learns how to survive in this world and sets out to rescue and free his wife. By analyzing this movie, Campbell’s theory about the hero’s journey can be better understood. Django takes the path of a hero and goes on a journey that will lead him to his ultimate freedom. Campbell states that the first process in a†¦show more content†¦This truly upsets Shultz but Django, as a result of his transformation, sees to it that they continue with business. Django begins to treat slaves as if he himself were a white man. This gives him courage and power. Once they arrive to Mr. Candy’s plantation, Django quickly spots Broomhilda. They then try to convince Mr. Candy if they can purchase his strongest fighter along with Broomhilda for $12,000. Mr. Candy gladly agrees to the offer, but his slave and personal assistant Steven secretly tells him that Django and Shultz are only there for Broomhilda. They are both revealed as bounty hunters and Mr. Candy forces them to buy only Broomhilda for $12,000. With no hesitation Shultz purchases her but the thought of the â€Å"crucifixion† from earlier in the day forces him to kill Mr. Candy. Shultz is then shot dead by one of Candy’s comrades. Django kills many men but is forced to surrender for the sake of Broomhilda’s life. This clearly shows an example of Campbell’s theory of being within the Belly of the Whale. Afterwards, Campbell states that the hero must go through some sort of Atonement or redemption. Django is turned back into a slave and taken away by new slave owners. However, Django uses everything he learned from Shultz to convince the new slave owners that he is a free man and will help them collect a $12,000 bounty from Candyland. While their backs are turned Django kills them and takes what Campbells calls a â€Å"magic flight† on a horse back to